Longitude and latitude are imaginary lines that circle the Earth. They are used to exactly pinpoint where a person or object is located. These lines are on maps and measured in degrees. Each degree is divided into 60 minutes, and each minute has 60 seconds.

Because the Earth rotates around its axis once a day, it is divided into 24 different time zones.

Contents (15 pages)

• Latitude
• Longitude
• Coordinate system
• Time Zones
• Daylight Saving Time
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: Djexplo, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

An earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters on our Earth. We think that the ground we stand on is very stable, but it isn’t. It moves quite a lot. In the last few decades, scientists have been able to find out why earthquakes happen.

Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden vibration in the Earth’s crust. It’s like a large lorry that travels down your street. When it passes by, you feel your house shake.

Contents (23 pages)

• Introduction
• How plates move
• Where earthquakes happen
• Earthquake waves
• How earthquakes are measured
• Effects of earthquakes
• The greatest earthquakes in history
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Series of earthquakes in East Azerbaijan in 2012
Image: Mardetanha, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

London is the capital of the United Kingdom and one of the world’s oldest, largest and most multicultural cities. It is Great Britain’s economic , cultural and political centre and attracts businessmen,exchange students, artists and performers from all over the world.

Contents (33 pages)

• Introduction
• Geography of London
• History
• Population
• Economy and Tourism
• Transportation
• Culture
• Sights and Places to See
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: FreeSVG, Public Domain

The European Union is a post – World War II project designed to secure peace in Europe. It was founded as the European Community for Coal and Steel in 1953 and became the European Economic Community through the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The EC has expanded many times in the last 60 years. Today it has 27 member states.

Contents (39 pages)

• Introduction
• History of the EU
• Organs and institutions
• The Euro – Europe’s single currency
• Turkey and the European Union
• Brexit – The UK leaves the EU
• Table of member states
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: S. Solberg J., Kolja21, Masterdeis/ derivative work: Kolja21,
CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

Weather is the state of the atmosphere in a certain place at a certain time. Climate refers to the weather conditions of a region over a longer period of time.

Contents (26 pages)

• Introduction
• Elements of the weather
• Global wind systems
• Air masses
• Climate zones
• Weather forecasting
• Extreme weather
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: OpenClipArt , Public Domain

Discover Australia, the sixth-biggest country in the world and the smallest continent. It lies between the Pacific and Indian Ocean, about 3,000 km from the mainland of Asia.

Contents (39 pages)

• Introduction
• Facts about Australia
• Geographical regions
• Climate
• Plants and animals
• Australia’s population
• Cities of Australia
• Economy
• The Australian way of life
• Sights and places to see
• Timeline
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: File:Australia (orthographic projection).svg: Ssolbergj / derivative work Roke, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons