New York is the biggest city in the United States, with a population of over 8 million . It lies along the Hudson River in the southeast corner of the state that has the same name. New York is always alive – a “city that never sleeps”.

Contents (23 pages)

• Introduction
• Boroughs of New York
• Population
• Culture
• Transportation
• History
• Sights of New York
• Timeline
• Exercise
• Word list
• Key

Manhattan
Image: Clément Bardot, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Julius Caesar was a Roman general and dictator who lived from 100 B.C. to 44 B.C. He helped to make Rome a great empire and was also a talented writer.

Contents (11 pages)

• Introduction
• Caesar’s early life
• Politics
• Caesar conquers Rome
• Julius Caesar’s death
• Exercise
• Word list
• Key

Image: FreeSVG , Public Domain

Astronomy is about studying space, the universe, stars and the planets in our solar system. Astronomers are scientists who try to find answers to questions relating to our universe. They observe planets, faraway stars and galaxies, as well as certain events that occur in space. They examine the structure of the universe and try to find out how it all began.

Contents (13 pages)

• Introduction
• Ancient Astronomy
• Modern Astronomy
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: FreeSVG , Public Domain

The Middle Ages are a period of European history that began with the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. and ended with the beginning of the Renaissance in the 15th century.

During the medieval period , Christianity and Islam became popular religions. It was also a time during which castles and cathedrals were built throughout Europe.

Scholars often called this era the Dark Ages because they believed there was little progress during this thousand-year period.

Contents (43 pages)

• Introduction
• History of the Middle Ages
• Religion and cathedrals
• Medieval castles
• Life in the Middle Ages
• Knights, tournaments, weapons
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key
• Interactive PDF – Let your students do the exercises directly in the PDF file !

“A Town in the Middle Ages” by kim.stovring is licensed under CC BY 2.0 .

Hurricanes are gigantic tropical storms that can be hundreds of kilometres wide. They bring along very strong winds and a lot of rainfall. They often cause flooding near the coasts and cause sea levels to rise.

Hurricanes occur in many parts of the world. In the Pacific Ocean they are called typhoons and in Australia they are willy-willies. In the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, they are called hurricanes.

Contents (20 pages)

• Introduction
• How hurricanes start
• Structure of a hurricane
• How hurricanes move
• Hurricane names
• Categories of hurricanes
• Damage
• Preparing for a hurricane
• Hurricane Katrina
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Hurricane Kate (2003)
Image: NASA MODIS Satellite Imagery,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A mammal is an animal that feeds its babies with milk when it is young. There are over 4,500 types of mammals.

Many of the most popular animals we know are mammals, for example, dogs, cats, horses, cows, but exotic animals like kangaroos, giraffes, elephants and anteaters belong to this group, too. Humans are also mammals.

Contents (29 pages)

• Introduction
• Features of mammals
• History of mammals
• Types of mammals
• Mammals and their bodies
• The senses of mammals
• What mammals eat
• How mammals move
• How mammals reproduce
• Life habits
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key
• Interactive PDF – Let your students do the exercises directly in the PDF file !

Longitude and latitude are imaginary lines that circle the Earth. They are used to exactly pinpoint where a person or object is located. These lines are on maps and measured in degrees. Each degree is divided into 60 minutes, and each minute has 60 seconds.

Because the Earth rotates around its axis once a day, it is divided into 24 different time zones.

Contents (15 pages)

• Latitude
• Longitude
• Coordinate system
• Time Zones
• Daylight Saving Time
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: Djexplo, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

An earthquake is one of the worst natural disasters on our Earth. We think that the ground we stand on is very stable, but it isn’t. It moves quite a lot. In the last few decades, scientists have been able to find out why earthquakes happen.

Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden vibration in the Earth’s crust. It’s like a large lorry that travels down your street. When it passes by, you feel your house shake.

Contents (23 pages)

• Introduction
• How plates move
• Where earthquakes happen
• Earthquake waves
• How earthquakes are measured
• Effects of earthquakes
• The greatest earthquakes in history
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Series of earthquakes in East Azerbaijan in 2012
Image: Mardetanha, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

African Americans are citizens of the United States with ancestors who came from Africa. Their forefathers were brought to American colonies as slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries. About 40 million African Americans, 13% of the total population, live in the USA today.

Contents (24 pages)

• Introduction
• Age of Slavery and the Civil War
• The Reconstruction Period
• The World Wars and the Great Depression
• The Civil Rights Movement
• Black Power
• African Americans Today
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key
• Interactive PDF – Let your students do the exercises directly in the PDF file !

Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963
Image: Rowland Scherman, Public domain,
via Wikimedia Commons

London is the capital of the United Kingdom and one of the world’s oldest, largest and most multicultural cities. It is Great Britain’s economic , cultural and political centre and attracts businessmen,exchange students, artists and performers from all over the world.

Contents (33 pages)

• Introduction
• Geography of London
• History
• Population
• Economy and Tourism
• Transportation
• Culture
• Sights and Places to See
• Exercises
• Word list
• Key

Image: FreeSVG, Public Domain